Accumulation, translocation, and toxicity of arsenic in barley grown in contaminated soil

Arsenic is a nonessential element for plants; however, high levels of As can inhibit plant growth. The toxicity influenced mainly by its speciation in soil. objectives the present study were to determine fractional composition soil, accumulation plants, and potentially toxic effects on morphological, anatomical, ultrastructural levels. In model experiment, barley (Hordeum sativum L.) was planted Haplic Chernozem spiked with three different concentrations (20, 50 100 mg/kg). fraction experimental soil analysed using method sequential fractionation. phytotoxic microscopically at tissue, cellular, intracellular Analysis revealed higher amount mobile forms that contaminated generative organs plants. Oxides Fe, Al, Mn became main components retain when contamination increased. inhibited growth affecting morphological parameters (shape, size, colour). It caused impairment root cells reduction size chlorophyllic parenchyma leaves. analysis found changes cellular organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes). bioconcentration factor (BCF), bioaccumulation (BF-soluble), translocation (TF) allowed evaluation protection mechanisms determination hazardous Despite buffering capacity concentration affected H. sativum.